Summary of Mitochondria and Synaptic Activity in Neurodegeneration

Mitochondria are essential for synaptic activity and plasticity, providing energy, buffering calcium, and recycling vesicles needed for neurotransmission. Presynaptic mitochondria support rapid neurotransmitter release, while postsynaptic mitochondria buffer calcium for sustained activity. Mitochondrial plasticity, their ability to adapt to neuronal demands, is critical but not fully understood.

Targeting Synaptic Actin: A Strategy to Combat Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory loss due to dementia or brain damage.

Synaptic dysfunction, marked by synapse loss and structural changes, is a key contributor to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This dysfunction is linked to the loss of the actin cytoskeleton, which provides structural support for synapses. The disruption of actin dynamics compromises synaptic integrity, affecting glutamatergic receptor levels, neurotransmission, and synaptic strength.

Gut Microbiome’s Role in Alzheimer’s Disease

Intestinal bacteria. Microbiome.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide. Emerging research highlights the gut microbiome’s potential role in AD pathogenesis, mediated through the gut-brain axis. Alterations in the gut microbiome, including reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and increased lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), can lead to systemic inflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and heightened amyloid-beta deposition, contributing to AD progression.

MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s: Key Roles in Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Genetic engineering concept. DNA.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting the elderly, and is the leading cause of dementia, contributing to 50–75% of cases globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in AD progression, influencing amyloid-beta production, tau phosphorylation, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation.

Vascular Dementia: A Complex Challenge in Aging Populations

Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most prevalent dementia type after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), predominantly affects individuals over 65 years old and arises from cerebrovascular or cardiovascular conditions. Recent findings suggest that vascular-related cognitive decline, either independently or combined with neurodegenerative disorders, occurs more frequently than previously thought.

Navigating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Biomarkers Key to Early Detection

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson’s (PD) are rising global health challenges, impairing cognition, motor abilities, and quality of life. As the population ages, these diseases are expected to increase, with slow progression often delaying diagnosis until advanced stages. Biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, imaging, and urine are key to early detection, tracking progression, and evaluating treatments, though each method has tradeoffs.

Exploring the Link Between Entertainment Activities and Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by gradual cognitive decline and behavioral changes. With rising prevalence and mortality rates, the focus has shifted to prevention strategies, especially since there are no pharmacological treatments that halt disease progression. 

Exploring Shared Pathways: Anti-Cancer Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Management

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer exhibit several shared biological features, such as angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proteostasis, highlighting potential therapeutic opportunities. As the prevalence of AD rises without curative treatments, the repositioning of anti-cancer drugs offers a promising strategy for AD management.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prevalence in Dementia

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in the general population, with many cases undiagnosed, and it is also common among individuals with dementia, particularly those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OSA is associated with factors that may exacerbate AD pathology, such as amyloid and tau accumulation. The standard treatment for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which has shown potential benefits for cognition, although adherence to CPAP treatment remains low, especially among those with cognitive impairments.

Study Emphasizes AI and Neuroimaging Progress in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Detection

This review explores the use of neuroimaging and artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML), for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection. The authors work to assess biomarkers and detection methods, analyzing gaps in current research. The review covers studies from 2013 to 2022, focusing on AI, ML, and statistical modeling applied to MRI and PET scans for early AD diagnosis. It emphasizes the importance of understanding AD’s onset and progression, marked by amyloid-beta and tau protein accumulation, and differentiates between early-onset AD and late-onset AD based on age and symptoms.